Research Progress
Mechanisms of Action: Studies show that luteolin exerts its biological effects by interacting with various molecular targets and signaling pathways. For example, it binds to and activates PPARγ receptors, influencing lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. It also inhibits the activity of enzymes like COX-2 and LOX, reducing inflammation. Furthermore, it modulates cell cycle-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Drug Development: Luteolin’s poor water solubility and bioavailability pose challenges for its clinical application. Researchers are developing luteolin nanoparticles, liposomes, and other drug delivery systems to enhance its bioavailability and stability. Additionally, efforts are underway to synthesize luteolin derivatives with improved pharmacological activity and reduced toxicity.
Clinical Studies: While numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated luteolin’s potential, clinical trials remain limited. Some small-scale clinical trials suggest that luteolin may have certain therapeutic effects on conditions like allergies, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. However, larger-scale, well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.